Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) - 948 Words

What do Ryan Gosling, Michael Phelps, and David Blaine all have in common? Their success? Their gender? Their amazing bodies? Although they do share these similarities, they also have another aspect to their lives which impacts them everyday. All three of the celebrities have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ADHD is a mental disorder which affects millions of people from all ages. It affects the brain and typically includes attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Typically beginning in childhood, ADHD can last a lifetime. Notably, boys are more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than girls. Unfortunately, there is no cure for the disorder. ADHD contributes to difficulty at school or work, problems with†¦show more content†¦So far, there is no cure, the number of people that deal with this disorder is not going to drastically decrease. The people with ADHD coping with the challenges of the disorder are not the only ones that are affected; friends, family, teachers, etc. are also finding ways to accustom to the student’s, friend’s, or family member’s differences. I believe it is important to cover the effects of ADHD on family dynamics because that is where an individual spends a majority of their time, and that is the environment where people develop. There are a few other important and major questions that I would like to figure out and answer. First question, what are the different kinds of symptoms? There are people out there that might not be completely educated or aware of ADHD. Thus, he or she might not know he has ADHD because he is unsure what his symptoms mean. With an increase of knowledge, people can get help and better their conditions. Next question, what are the causes of ADHD? Is there only one cause or are there several causes? That goes to my next question, is ADHD genetic? If so, are people born with the disorder? Having ADHD and documenting his experiences while growing up with the disorder, Blake S. Taylor is a reliable source for describing what it is like dealing with ADHD. In his memoir, ADHD

Drama Homework Free Essays

The chosen character was Mrs. Johnston, she was a very calm and she cared a lot about her children but she didn’t have conditions to have twins so she cited to give one to Mrs. Lyons because she knew that Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on Drama Homework or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lyons would take good care Of her child and the child would have a good education. ‘ decided to explore the lion because they both have similarities, for example, mothers lion really care about her children. My eyebrows were raised, my mouth was little bit open to show that was shocked my hands were holding the chair very strongly and aggressive because lions are aggressive then I quickly got up and I gave three big large steps towards my partner, because lions have big paws and they are very fast. As a bit louder than her and my voice was bit pitched to show that I was transforming my character into a lion and my eyes were wide open, my eyebrows were raised from the inner sides to show sadness so I grabbed her clothes to show was desperate, I was nearly on my knees. My eyebrows pulled downwards towards the inner sides to show anger my mouth was wide open, I quickly stepped away from her because wanted to calm myself but my partner was getting a bit closer to me. Thought that both characters’ personality were similar because they are both retroactive and they really care about their children like for example, when Mrs. Johnston gave one of her twins she was thinking about his future and that he would have a better education and I think that a lion would do the same thing just to see their child grow in a better way. Another reason how linked both characters’ personality was that they are both brave and strong for example, Mrs. Johnston would do anything so her family can have something to eat even though that she hasn’t got a man to help her and a lion would do the same thing just to keep her children fed. The way transformed the animal characteristics into my character was that, a lion has big paws so their movement is big and large so my character had to have big Steps and large to show that I was pretending to be a lion. Another way I transformed the animal characteristics was that lions, are loud so whenever I was talking, I was always a bit louder than my partner to show how I was describing the lion. When I was exploring the lions characteristics was acting like a real lion, how they walk, how they attack, how they express their feelings, how protective hey are, how they relate with others etc.. When I was sure about how the lions are, started to act like Northernmost but with a lion personality but in a human body, for example my facial expression was angry to show that I was describing a lion. Another example the steps of a lion are big and large so I had to make the same movement as them but at the same time as a lady. What have noticed from my partner was that she looked a bit dizzy, because she was balancing side to side in a slowly way when she walked. Her facial expression, her eyes were wide open to show that she was paying attention ND I thought she wanted to show that she wanted me to get scared of her and that she wanted me to be possessed because of her eye contact. How to cite Drama Homework, Papers

To Want It free essay sample

â€Å"Anya* is not good But she wants it.† A pretty harsh line for a twelve-year-old to hear, but this moment helped in my development of how I deal with life’s persistent challenges. Some people see sports as an outlet, a tactic to release energy that has been bundled up for too long, a way to blow off steam after a trying day, a fun activity. For me, sports activities have always felt like a form of torture with the running and the sweating and the dreaded wall squats. My dislike for sports started long before this incident, but scoring in the opponents’ goal was the tipping point in this grand adventure. To this day, I can still hear Coach Jun, my sixth grade field hockey coach’s voice, giving the team a pre-game pep talk in her Chinese accent. Since my teammates and I were crammed like sardines on that overheated yellow school bus, unfocused and on the brink of heat strokes, I don’t remember all that she said. We will write a custom essay sample on To Want It or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Be focused. Be aggressive out there. Stay on your marked girl.†- the usual chalk-talk. And finally, she focused on me and exhaled that line, â€Å"Anya is not good But she wants it.† The next year, I signed up for the field hockey team again, only to score the winning goal for the other team. Many later events in my life would follow a similar pattern. In seventh grade: basketball, the summer before eighth grade: Tang Soo Do martial arts, ninth grade: volleyball. Every time I got knocked down, I quit. But the fall of my sophomore year, things started to turn in a different direction. To fulfill my school’s physical activity requirement, I joined the tennis team, hoping that a less physically rigorous sport would be my calling. Unfortunately, it was not. After a grueling three-day preseason, I had earned a spot on the junior varsity team. For the rest of the season, I ran the sprints and always crossed the line in last place. I played in scrimmages and lost the matches about 95% of the time. Despite my failures, I remembered that traumatic-at-the-time moment in sixth grade and how much I wanted it. I figured if that scrawny eleven-year-old kid with the braces and oversized cleats could do it, I could. So, I decided to stick around and found myself quickly falling i n love with the game. By the middle of the season in my junior year, the coaches had been watching me for the past two years. I still crossed the end line last and lost only 75% of my scrimmages, but they still saw how much I wanted to improve. To my luck, some of the opposing teams had extra varsity players, and my coaches chose me to play in exhibition matches. They chose me not because of my skill level, but because I had showed them all season how much I wanted to play. From that point on, I was in the game, and that was enough for me. I don’t need the greatest grades, to win the most prizes, or to be the fastest one out on the courts. I don’t want to be the firecracker blazing down the field scoring all the goals and racking up all the points, but rather the slow burning ember with a deep-seeded passion burning inside of me. If I can want it like I did on that hockey field back in middle school, I can achieve anything. *name has been changed

Shakeema White Essays - Medicine, Kidney Diseases, Urology

Shakeema White Laboratory Techniques 1. MED115 Spring Semester Dr. Jeffery Rose Renal Ptosis Introduction: Renal Ptosis (nephroptosis), also known as floating kidneys is an abnormal condition of the kidneys when a person is in an upright standing position or lies flat, the kidneys drops down into the pelvic region of the body. Most of the body organs moves when a person changes positions, however, the kidney does not move much. The kidneys is normally held in the lumbar region. This condition is a very rare condition and is most common in women than in men. Many may be affected with this rare condition and not even know it. Etiology: The ca use of renal ptosis is unknown, however, this conditions is mostly found in white women with lack of perirenal fat and facial support. Many studies have shown that 20% of women are diagnosed with this rare condition and is most common in the right kidney. Estimating at 70% reported cases being the right kidney. People with this condition have longer torso than a normal human being. The reason for this, is to allow the kidneys to be displaced and dropped down into the pelvic region. Risk Factors: One of the major risk factors in having renal ptosis, you will have rapid weight loss. Your body would not be able to increase any muscle tone in the abdominal wall. In this case the body would not be able to have muscle growth to protect the other body organs for any other diseases. When women undergo a pregnancy and childbirth, during the gestation period the women's abdominal wall and muscles becomes weak with makes changes in the body causing the women to become more susceptible to having renal ptosis. Signs and Symptoms : Most common symptoms are i ndigestion, belching, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, abdominal distension pain, low back pain with kidney percussion . There are other symptoms that may follow such as urinary symptoms and also digestives symptoms. However, lower back pain accounted for 92%, more than 50% of patients with chronic urinary tract infection symptoms, most of urinary frequency, urgency and other symptoms of bladder irritation. 1/3 of the cases also accompanied by fever or a history of recurrent fever. Occasional lower extremity edema and other symptoms. Diagnosis : Can make a preliminary diagnosis based on a complete medical history and physical examination, physical examination should be palpable and kidney, the kidney is usually easy to touch down, when palpation difficult, so that patients can be up and down a few stairs, and then orthostatic palpation, helps palpable kidneys, upright and recumbent IVP and B-can further confirm the diagnosis. Diagnostic criteria: patients can be symptoms, signs, X-ray inspection of the degree of renal ptosis together to make a judgment. Mild: typical symptoms of back pain, no palpable or just hit lower pole renal, and some patients have kidney area percussion pain, intravenous urography in the renal activity of a vertebral body, ultrasound examination of renal activity is 3cm Sometimes there are hematuria (mostly microscopic) or urinary tract infection complications. Moderate: There are clear symptoms of back pain symptoms associated with digestive and nervous functional aspects palpable kidney, renal angiography activity within two vertebrae, the ultrasound has three activity between 6cm , mostly Complications associated with hematuria or urinary tract infection. Severe: There are definite signs and symptoms, the activity of renal angiography see more than two vertebrae, or, although not more than two vertebrae, but there are obvious distortions ureter, hydronephrosis, renal stones or merger occurs dysfunction, ultrasound Check the kidney activity more than 6cm. Treatment: Treatment varies on the severity of the case. Treatment is as follow for surgical: Treatment department: Surgical Urology Nephrology Medicine Treatment: Surgical treatment of drug rehabilitation treatment Treatment period: 14-30 days The cure rate: 50% -70% Drugs Treatment: Buzhongyiqi pills (pill) Oral Buzhongyiqi Treatment for no surgical is as follow: Non-surgical treatments include high fever calorie diet, increased perirenal fat; more bed rest, bed elevation thigh; strengthening exercises, increased perirenal fat; more bed rest, leg elevation when in bed; strengthening exercises to increase abdominal tension; abdominal massage ; electrical stimulation; elimination of foci of infection; conditioning neurasthenia; the use of various types of renal care c References http://www.healthfrom.com/Disease/view-775.html#5 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1458935-overview http://en.medicine-worlds.com/nefroptoz.htm#1 http://eurodoctor.ucoz.com/blog/nephroptosis_diagnosis_treatment/2012-02-20-778 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1458935-overview#a9

Daniel Keyes essays

Daniel Keyes essays Daniel Keyes was born in Brooklyn in 1927. Once an editor, he married a fashion photographer and had 2 daughters. Keyes was once an English teacher at Midwood High School for 6 years after getting his Bachelors and Masters Degree at Brooklyn College. He was also the junior commissioner for Wayne State University in Michigan. Keyes won the Hugo award in Science Fiction for his short story, Flowers for Algernon. After winning that, Flowers for Algernon was bought and made into a made for TV movie. Since people loved this story so much, Keyes decided to write a full novel with the same name in 1966, and the same people who bought the book and made the made for TV movie bought the full novel in 1966 and made it into a major motion picture entitled Charly with Cliff Robertson as Charlie in 1968. ...

14 Popular Fantasy Tropes (and How to Revitalize Them)

14 Popular Fantasy Tropes (and How to Revitalize Them) 14 Popular Fantasy Tropes - And How to Make Them Feel New Again Fantasy tropes, like any other type of literary trope, are recurring images, themes, or devices that are used to the point of being common conventions amongst its genre.When writing a genre  such as fantasy  (with such well-known concepts), authors often feel the need to straddle a fine line: include too many tropes and readers will get  dà ©j vu; don’t include a single clichà © and you risk losing readers who have come to expect certain themes and touchstones from a fantasy novel.The thing is, conventions commonly crop up in stories because most of them contain some element of universal relatability - and people enjoy the familiar. Even the best fantasy novels make use of tropes.So embrace the balancing act by acquainting yourself with some of the most popular fantasy tropes out there, and by learning how to prevent your characters, plots, and worlds from becoming a complete clichà ©. 14 popular fantasy tropes - and how to make them feel new again. Character tropesAt their heart, all stories are about characters who represent some aspect of human nature - and fantasy is no exception. Many novels in this  genre feature  archetypes, which is not necessarily a bad thing - so long as your characters' development aligns with the narrative arc and doesn't rely on clichà © pitstops.Tropes: we love to hate them and hate to love them. What are some of your favorites, or most eye-roll-inducing fantasy novel conventions? Let us know in the comments below!

Car Port Design Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Car Port Design Project - Assignment Example Thus the essay could give comprehensive information on the carport planning and design exercise. Car ports are units designed for the parking the cars to protect it from the environmental influences and dust. The ports need to be very cost effective and at the same time must be able to satisfy the requirement of the customer. Normally, these units are designed using the simple structural components like beam and columns. The roofing materials shall be lightweight and weather resistant. The columns shall be fixed firmly to the ground using suitable foundation units. The roof material is fixed on the purlins, which are connected to the beam. Thus the purlins are thin section beams that must be able to take the roofing component load while beams carry the weight of both purlins and roof cover. The columns are designed to carry the load transferred by the beams. The challenge in the design process is to select the most economical cross section that had least weight with maximum strength. Besides being very safe for the people and securing the vehicles, it must also be aesthetically very appealing and capable of creating very good visual impact. The most important parameters to be considered for the design of car ports are easy access, personal safety, vehicular safety and selection of materials and landscaping and aminity of adjacent area (SPG Note 16. The importance of first three parameters are self-explanatory. On the materials, the chosen ones shall be of good quality with most preferred being tarmac. Being very durable and attractive the cobbles or the block pavements too could be used. An effective landscaping could improve the overall appearance of the unit. This could be achieved by low boundary walls or fencing but should be very judicious in the selection of such systems as it must not give any opportunity for the outsiders to have a closer view of the vehicles parked in the car port. Also, the layouts shall incorporate the easiness in the maneuvering the vehicle by the drivers or any constrains imposed by disabled people (SPG Note 16). Also, in the case of multiple car ports. the design process shall also look into the easy access, visual clarity for the road users and pedestrians while locating the access points. In addition, detailed signboards or signages that give an indication about the entrance, exist, lift and any other important facility shall also be incorporated. 2.0 A comparison of different design concepts In the case of independent carport design for homes requires a detailed evaluation of the design proposals as the factors like variation in the type of materials or the roof overhangs could lead to considerable variation in the expected life and the initial cost required. The different carport designs that are normally adopted are usually based on different configuration of the spaces earmarked or selection of the materials. The stoned alone type carport or an

Nativist Theories Of Language Development Essay

Nativist Theories Of Language Development - Essay Example It also earnings that we require to deem very cautiously how we engross boys in behavior deliberate to endorse untimely language and literacy. What are the foremost theories that pressure the way practitioners in early childhood edification and care settings consider about language development Chomsky: Language Acquisition Device Although other theories were planned earlier, it may be best to instigate with Chomsky's theory that humans are intuitive with a particular organic intellect mechanism, called a Language Acquisition Device (LAD). This theory supposes that the aptitude to learn language is inborn, that nature is more vital than cultivate and that experience using language is only necessary in order to stimulate the LAD. Chomsky's environment is in linguistics, and psycholinguists prolong to donate greatly to our accepting of languages and how children attain them. His theory is described as Nativist. The foremost giving of his vocation has been to explain that children's language development is greatly further multipart than the Behaviourists ('Show the way', Nursery World, 18 March 2004), who whispered that children study language merely by being content for imitating (Lock, A., 2001). One trouble with Chomsky's theory is that it does not take enough account of the manipulate that deliberation (cognition) and language have on every other's growth (Macmurray, J. 2004). Piaget: cognitive constructivism Piaget's central curiosity was children's cognitive development ('Building up', Nursery World, 20 May 2004). However, he theorised that language was plainly one of children's habits of instead of their memorable worlds, an indication of attention, and that language did not donate to the... Although other theories were planned earlier, it may be best to instigate with Chomsky's theory that humans are intuitive with a particular organic intellect mechanism, called a Language Acquisition Device (LAD). This theory supposes that the aptitude to learn language is inborn, that nature is more vital than cultivate and that experience using language is only necessary in order to stimulate the LAD. Chomsky's environment is in linguistics, and psycholinguists prolong to donate greatly to our accepting of languages and how children attain them. His theory is described as Nativist. The foremost giving of his vocation has been to explain that children's language development is greatly further multipart than the Behaviourists ('Show the way', Nursery World, 18 March 2004), who whispered that children study language merely by being content for imitating (Lock, A., 2001).One trouble with Chomsky's theory is that it does not take enough account of the manipulate that deliberation (cognit ion) and language have on every other's growth (Macmurray, J. 2004).Piaget's central curiosity was children's cognitive development. However, he theorised that language was plainly one of children's habits of instead of their memorable worlds, an indication of attention, and that language did not donate to the growth of opinion. Cognitive maturity, he argued, preceded that of language.Unlike Chomsky and Piaget, Vygotsky's central concern was the relationship amid the increase of reflection and that of language.

How To Manage Conflict Essay Example for Free

How To Manage Conflict Essay Managing conflict is never easy, whether youre trying to resolve a conflict of your own or trying to help two people settle a dispute. The most important thing to know is that the longer you let the situation continue, the worse itll be when its time to resolve it. So take a deep breath, maintain your cool, and get ready to find a solution that can make everyone (reasonably) happy. 1. Make a plan for meeting. If two people are genuinely in conflict and you want to help them or they need your help then you should plan a time to meet that would make everybody happy. Of course, you may just walk into a conflict and have to solve it on the spur of the moment, but hopefully you have some time to plan in advance. If so, pick a time and place that works for both people, and make sure that they are both invested in solving the conflict. If theres real trouble, then the sooner you can get together, the better. Ad 2. Let each person state his or her side of the story. If you are in charge of managing a conflict, whether its because youre a manager or because youre helping two people figure out their issues, you have to be an active listener. Let each person express his or her position and listen with compassion and care until each person has stated his or her feelings and desires. Dont let the people interrupt each other and make it clear that each person will take turns fully explaining him or her self.[1] Make sure that both people are really listening to each other instead of just waiting until their turn to have their say. If necessary, have one person repeat some of the main points the other person made, so its clear that they both have an understanding of how each person is feeling. 3. 3 Make it clear that you are there to help resolve, not solve. The people who are in conflict must figure out how to move past their problems on their own, not look to you for a magical solution that will make all of their problems go away. You should make this clear from the start so both parties know that they have to work hard and listen actively before they can move  forward. You are there to mediate so the conflict doesnt get out of control and so that both parties can look at the situation with more objectivity and control, but that doesnt mean you will provide them with an answer. 4 Maintain your objectivity. Even if you think that Lucy is obviously in the right and Mary is 100% wrong, it is not your position to say so. If you jump in on Lucys side, then Mary will feel like youre both ganging up against her and the conflict will be even further from a resolution. Instead, keep your own personal opinions and ideas out of it and treat each persons perspective with compassion and respect. Even if one person is more right than the other, they both still have to reach a solution that can reasonably please both of them. If youre mediating a conflict, then you should pay equal attention to both people. Let each person spend about the same amount of time speaking and make points that support both people instead of just focusing on one person or the other. Maintain a neutral expression, and try not to look put off or skeptical if one person is stating something you dont agree with at all. 5. 5 Be a calming force. One of your primary tasks is to help both people keep their cool. Manage their stress levels, their anger, and their emotions to the best of your ability. If someone is getting too heated, raising his or her voice, and getting visibly angry or upset, take a five-minute break or ask that person to take a few deep breaths and wait until he or she can speak calmly. You can only find a solution if both people stay calm and can see clearly.[2] If the conversation is not going down a constructive path, and both people have resorted to name calling and cursing and just criticizing each other back and forth without getting anywhere, then you should intervene and get the conversation back on track. You can say something like, Lets focus on whats important here, or Were just not getting anywhere with this kind of talk. 6 Figure out the source of the tension. Once both people have stated their  cases, you can help them figure out what is really at stake. They may think that they are really angry at each other because of financial tension, but they may really be upset because of a lack of communication. Be as specific. Have each person discuss all of the things that are troubling him or her and see if you can really find the root of the problem. Be patient. It may take a bit of digging and some pain to get there. If you can put it in simple terms, something like, Bob feels that Mary is micromanaging his project or Sara feels like Jim doesnt spend enough quality time with her, then you can begin to tackle the problem better than if you just knew that the two people were angry with each other. 7 Work together to find a solution. Once you have all agreed on the source of the tension and the problem that is at hand, you can begin to find a solution. Remember that both people do have to agree about the nature of the real problem to be able to find an effective solution. It may not be readily apparent, and you may need some perseverance and creativity to get there, but eventually, you should be able to find a way to make both people (reasonably) happy. Here are some potential solutions you may find and ways to state them gracefully: It seems like both of you are having trouble living together. Sara may be a bit too focused on being neat, while Mary may be a bit careless when it comes to doing chores. To solve the problem, you should set out a list of guidelines for how you can both keep the house clean without running into trouble. If you both agree to do the things on the list, then you can stay happy in your living space. It seems that Bob has been managing Clark a little too closely. To avoid this in the future, Bob and Clark can discuss the objectives of a project in great detail and can decide on times when they can both check in about the status of the project; this will make Bob feel at ease about where the project is going, while giving Clark a little bit of breathing room. 8 Make a plan. Once youve found a resolution for the problem, you can set out specific guidelines for making it happen. Remember that both people have to be invested in finding this solution. You can set a timeline for achieving  these goals and have both people put it in writing so they feel that it will actually happen. Here are some ways it can happen: Mary and Sara should sit down and discuss which things in the house have to stay clean at all times, and which parts should be cleaned occasionally for an extra nice touch. Once you agree on the daily chores that really need to be done, you can make a chart of rotating tasks. Bob and Clark should meet for an hour before every new project, taking at least two detailed pages of notes so that Clark has enough direction to go off on his own. They should meet every three days for half an hour to discuss the progress of the project. 9 If both parties agree to disagree, help them part amicably. Maybe neither person, or one of the people, is unwilling to budge, and after much discussion, you havent moved past square one. If thats the case, then you should still make it so that one person understands where the other is coming from and that they can leave the situation without extra hostility or tension. Maybe Bob cant help but breathe down Clarks neck or Sara will always be messy no matter what; if thats the case, then they have to find a way to coexist or make a smart plan for parting ways. Consider the fact that maybe both people just arent ready to resolve the conflict and need more time to cool off. If you feel like the argument is getting nowhere because both people are too heated and emotional, not because they refuse to budge from their positions, then consider asking both people reschedule your meeting for a time when both parties can think more clearly. 10 End the conversation on a positive note. Whether both parties have reached a healthy conclusion or have agreed to disagree, you should end the situation on an optimistic note so neither person feels defeated. If both parties are feeling friendly, go out for a coffee or a beer; if both parties are still very angry, try to diffuse the situation with a bit of humor and see if theyll at least shake hands and stay cordial. If emotions are too heated, then its time for everyone to back off for a bit, but if the vibe is positive, make the people feel good about having the conversation. Remind both parties that, however unpleasant it may be to discuss a conflict, that  they have been mature and done the right thing by deciding to resolve the situation instead of staying angry or avoiding the tension. Method 2 of 2: Managing Your Own Conflicts 1. Face the conflict head-on. If youre dealing with a conflict of your own, then the worst thing you can do is run and hide, waiting for the conflict to get bigger and bigger until its almost impossible to resolve it. Sure, conflict is no fun, whether youre butting heads with a co-worker or your long-term boyfriend, but remind yourself that if you brush your problems under the rug, then they are guaranteed to get worse. So take a deep breath and accept that you have to deal with it.[3] That being said, pick your battles. If you feel like your boyfriend has been neglecting you, then speak up; but if you feel like you dont like the way he loads the dishwater, maybe its better to hold off. 2 Dont tell everyone about it. Its okay to seek advice from a close friend or another co-worker if you genuinely dont know what to do. But if you feel the urge to complain to every person in sight about the conflict just so you can gossip or get some anger off your chest, then youre only getting yourself worked up and possibly putting your relationship in jeopardy if the other person finds out about what youve been saying. If you do need advice, then talk to just one or two people whom you really trust so you can have some meaningful direction.[4] Think about it; how would you feel if you heard your co-worker was telling everyone in the office about your problems without talking to you about it? That kind of behavior is guaranteed to make you feel worse. 3 Use I statements. I statements are crucial for solving a conflict as objectively as possible. I statements make your feelings and motives clear and can help the other person see your side of the story without feeling accused or persecuted; You statements make the other party feel like he or  she is on the chopping block and will make him or her feel much more defensive. Here are some ways to make useful I statements: I feel like we havent been spending enough time together is more effective than You are always neglecting me. I feel like Ive been picking up the majority of the work on the project, is more effective than You have been making me do all of the work on this project. 4 Be specific. This doesnt mean you have to list the 90 things that the person has done to hurt you or to cause the conflict. In fact, this kind of behavior will only make the person feel worse, like hes being picked apart. Instead, stick to two or three concrete scenarios that can illustrate what you mean to make the person see the situation from your perspective. Here are some examples: I was really hurt when you left my birthday party early to hang out with your friends instead of spending more time with me. I spent ten hours on the Roberts report while you only worked on the cover page.

cell division :: essays research papers

Cell Division   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why must cells divide? To start it off, cells can’t keep growing forever, so when they reach a certain size they will have to divide. Cells divide for four important reasons; reproduction, growth, repair, and replacement of damaged or worn out cells. Most cells divide at least once during their life cycle and some divide divide dozens of time times before they die. There are three types of cell division. They are binary fission, mitosis, and meiosis. When cell division is in the form of mitosis it is usually associated with cell growth, replacement, and repair. When the cell goes through meisosis it usually involves asexual reproduction. Both the process of mitosis and meiosis involve the duplication of the DNA and the splitting of the nucleus. Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces two genteically identical cells from a single cell. Mitosis is basically a process that cells goes through to to form two new nuclei, with each nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes. Mitosis is used by many unicellular eukaryotic organisms for reproduction. Multicellular organisms use mitosis for growth, repair, and the cell replacement. An example of a multicelluar organism using mitosis for cell replacement is in the human body, the human body have about twenty-five million mitotic cell divisions occur every second to replace the cells that have finished their life cycles. There are five phases in the mitosis process. The phases are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In every living things there are cells. But each living thing only begin life with one cell. The single cell soons begin to take in materials it needs to grow. While the cell is taking in the important materials it is also growing. When the cell is dividing, multiplying, and building it is going through growth. The cell continues with the process of multiplying, dividing, and building until it is fully developed. As the cell grow it changes in its form and what it does.

Night World : Soulmate Chapter 6

Hannah opened her eyes. â€Å"Oh, thank God,† Paul said. He seemed to be almost crying. â€Å"Oh, thank God. Do you see me? Do you know who you are?† â€Å"I'm wet,† Hannah said slowly, feeling dazed. She touched her face. Her hair was dripping. Paul was holding a water glass. â€Å"Why am I wet?† â€Å"I had to wake you up.† Paul sagged to the floor beside the couch. â€Å"What's your name? What year is it?† â€Å"My name is Hannah Snow,† Hannah said, still feeling dazed and bodiless. â€Å"And it's-† Suddenly memory rushed out of the fog at her. She sat bolt upright, tears starting to stream from her eyes. â€Å"What was all that?† â€Å"I don't know,† Paul whispered. He leaned his head against the couch, then looked up. â€Å"You just kept talking-you were telling that story as if you were there. It was really happening to you. And nothing I could do would break the trance. I tried everything-I thought you were never going to come out of it. And then you started sobbing and I couldn't make you stop.† â€Å"I felt as if it were happening to me,† Hannah said. Her head ached; her whole body felt bruised with tension. And she was reeling with memories that were perfectly real and perfectly hers†¦ and impossible. â€Å"That was like no past life regression I've ever read about,† Paul said, his voice agitated. â€Å"The detail†¦ you knew everything. Have you ever studied-is there any way you could have known those kinds of things?† â€Å"No.† Hannah was just as agitated, â€Å"I've never studied humans in the Stone Age-and this was real. It wasn't something I was making up as I was going along.† They were both talking at once. â€Å"That guy,† Paul was saying. â€Å"He's the one you're afraid of, isn't he? But, look, you know, regression is one thing†¦ past lives is another thing†¦ but this is crazy.† â€Å"I don't believe in vampires,† Hannah was saying at the same time. â€Å"Because that's what that guy was supposed to be, wasn't it? Of course it was. Caveman vampire. He was probably the first one. And I don't believe in reincarnation.† â€Å"Just plain crazy. This is crazy.† â€Å"I agree.† They both took a breath, looking at each other. There was a long silence. Hannah put a hand to her forehead. â€Å"I'm †¦ really tired.† â€Å"Yeah. Yeah, I can understand that.† Paul looked around the room, nodded twice, then got up. â€Å"Well, we'd better get you home. We can talk about all this later, figure out what it really means. Some kind of subconscious fixation†¦ archetypical symbolism†¦ something.† He ran out of air and shook his head. â€Å"Now, you feel all right, don't you? And you're not going to worry about this? Because there's nothing to worry about.† â€Å"I know. I know.† â€Å"At least we know we don't have to worry about vampires attacking you.† He laughed. The laugh was strained. Hannah couldn't manage even a smile. There was a brief silence, then Paul said, â€Å"You know, I think I'll drive you home. That would be good. That would be a good idea.† â€Å"That would be fine,† Hannah whispered. He held out a hand to help her off the couch. â€Å"By the way, I'm really sorry I had to get you all wet.† â€Å"No. It was good you did. I was feeling so awful- and there were worse things about to happen.† Paul blinked. â€Å"I'm sorry?† Hannah looked at him helplessly, then away. â€Å"There were worse things about to happen. Terrible things. Really, really awful things.† â€Å"How do you know that?† â€Å"I don't know. But there were.† Paul walked her to her doorstep. And Hannah was glad of it. Once inside the house, she went straight down the hall to her mother's study. It was a cluttered comfortable room with books piled on the floor and the tools of a paleontologist scattered around. Her mother was at her desk, bending over a microscope. â€Å"Is that you, Hannah?† she asked without looking up. â€Å"I've got some marvelous sections of haversian canals in duckbill bones. Want to see?† â€Å"Oh†¦ not now. Maybe later,† Hannah said. She wanted very much to tell her mother about what had happened, but something was stopping her. Her mother was so sensible, so practical and intelligent†¦. She'll think I'm crazy. And she'll be right. And then she'll be appalled, wondering how she could have given birth to an insane daughter. That was an exaggeration, and Hannah knew it, but somehow she still couldn't bring herself to tell. Since her father had died five years ago, she and her mother had been almost like friends-but that didn't mean she didn't want her mother's approval. She did. She desperately wanted her mother to be proud of her, and to realize that she could handle things on her own. It had been the same with the notes-she'd never told about finding them. For all her mom knew, Hannah's only problem was bad dreams. â€Å"So how did it go tonight?† her mother asked now, eye still to the microscope. â€Å"That Dr. Winfield is so young-I hope he's not too inexperienced.† Last chance. Take it or lose it. â€Å"Uh, it went fine,† Hannah said weakly. â€Å"That's good. There's chicken in the crockpot. I'll be out in a little while; I just want to finish this.† â€Å"Okay. Great. Thanks.† Hannah turned and stumbled out, completely frustrated with herself. You know Mom won't really be awful, she scolded herself as she fished a piece of chicken out of the crockpot. So tell her. Or call Chess and tell her. They'll make things better. They'll tell you how impossible all this stuff about vampires and past lives is. †¦ Yes, and that's the problem. Hannah sat frozen, holding a fork with a bite of chicken on it motionless in front of her. I don't believe in vampires or reincarnation. But I know what I saw. I know things about Hana . ., things that weren't even in the story I told Paul. I know she wore a tunic and leggings of roe deer hide. I know she ate wild cattle and wild boar and salmon and hazel nuts. I know she made tools out of elk antler and deer bone and flint†¦. God, I could pick up a flint cobble and knock off a set of blades and scrapers right now. I know I could. I can feel how to in my hands. She put the fork down and looked at her hands. They were shaking slightly. And I know she had a beautiful singing voice, a voice like crystal†¦. Like the crystal voice in my mind. So what do I do when they tell me it's impossible? Argue with them? Then I'll really be crazy, like those people in institutions who think they're Napoleon or Cleopatra. God, I hope I haven't been Cleopatra. Half laughing and half crying, she put her face in her hands. And what about him? The blond stranger with the bottomless eyes. The guy Hana didn't have a name for, but Hannah knew as Thierry. If the rest of it is real, what about him? He's the one I'm afraid of, Hannah thought. But he didn't seem so bad. Dangerous, but not evil. So why do I think of him as evil? And why do I want him anyway? Because she did want him. She remembered the feelings of Hana standing next to the stranger in the moonlight. Confusion†¦ fear†¦ and attraction. That magnetism between them. The extraordinary things that happened when he touched her hand. He came to the Three Rivers and turned her life upside down†¦. The Three Rivers. Oh, God-why didn't I think of that before? The note. One of the notes said â€Å"Remember the Three Rivers.† Okay. So I've remembered it. So what now? She had no idea. Maybe she was supposed to understand everything now, and know what to do †¦ but she didn't. She was more confused than ever. Of course, a tiny voice like a cool dark wind in her brain said, you didn't remember all of it yet. Did you? Paul woke you up before you got to the end. Shut up, Hannah told the voice. But she couldn't stop thinking. All night she was restless, moving from one room to another, avoiding her mother's questions. And even after her mother went to bed, Hannah found herself wandering aimlessly through the house, straightening things, picking up books and putting them down again. I've got to sleep. That's the only thing that will help me feel better, she thought. But she couldn't make herself sit, much less lie down. Maybe I need some air. It was a strange thought. She'd never actually felt the need to go outside for the sole purpose of breathing fresh air-in Montana you did that all day long. But there was something pulling at her, drawing her to go outside. It was like a compulsion and she couldn't resist. I'll just go on the back porch. Of course there's nothing to be scared of out there. And if I go outside, then I'll prove there isn't, and then I can go to sleep. Without stopping to consider the logic of this, she opened the back door. It was a beautiful night. The moon threw a silver glow over everything and the horizon seemed very far away. Hannah's backyard blended into the wild bluestem and pine grass of the prairie. The wind carried the clean pungent smell of sage. We'll have spring flowers soon, Hannah thought. Asters and bluebells and little golden buttercups. Everything will be green for a while. Spring's a time for life, not death. And I was right to come out. I feel more relaxed now. I can go back inside and lie down†¦. It was at that moment that she realized she was being watched. It was the same feeling she'd been having for weeks, the feeling that there were eyes in the darkness and they were fixed on her. Chills of adrenaline ran through Hannah's body. Don't panic, she told herself. It's just a feeling. There's probably nothing out here. She took a slow step backward toward the door. She didn't want to move too quickly. She had the irrational certainty that if she turned and ran, whatever was watching her would spring out and get her before she got the door open. At the same time she edged backward, her eyes and ears were straining so hard that she saw gray spots and she heard a thin ringing. She was trying, desperately, to catch some sign of movement, some sound. But everything was still and the only noises were the normal distant noises of the outdoors. Then she saw the shadow. Black against the lighter blackness of the night, it was moving among the bluestem grass. And it was big. Tall. Not a cat or other small animal. Big as a person. It was coming toward her. Hannah thought she might faint. Don't be ridiculous, a sharp voice in her head told her. Get inside. You're standing here in the light from the windows; you're a perfect target. Get inside fast and lock the door. Hannah whirled, and knew even as she did it that she wouldn't be fast enough. It was going to jump at her exposed back. It was going to †¦ â€Å"Wait,† came a voice out of the darkness. â€Å"Please. Wait.† A male voice. Unfamiliar. But it seemed to grab Hannah and hold her still. â€Å"I won't hurt you. I promise.† Runrunrunrun! Hannah's mind told her. Very slowly, one hand on the door knob, she turned around. She watched the dark figure coming out of the shadows to her. She didn't try to get away again. She Had a dizzying feeling that fate had caught up with her. The ground sloped, so the light from the house windows showed her his boots first, then the legs of his jeans. Normal walking boots like any Montanan might wear. Ordinary jeans-long legs. He was tall. Then the light showed his shirt, which was an ordinary T-shirt, a little cold to be walking around at night in, but nothing startling. And then his shoulders, which were nice ones. Then, as he stepped to the base of the porch, she saw his face. He looked better than when she had seen him last. His white-blond hair wasn't crazily messed up; it fell neatly over his forehead. He wasn't splattered with mud and his eyes weren't wild. They were dark and so endlessly sad that it was like a knife in the heart just to see him. But it was unmistakably the boy from her hypnosis session. â€Å"Oh, God,† Hannah said. â€Å"Oh, God.† Her knees were giving out. It's real. It's real. He's real and that means†¦ it's all true. â€Å"Oh, God.† She was trembling violently and she had to put pressure on her knees to keep standing. The world was changing around her, and it was the most disorienting thing she'd ever experienced. It was as if the fabric of her universe was actually moving-pulsing and shifting to accommodate the new truths. Nothing was ever going to be the same again. â€Å"Are you all right?† The stranger moved toward her and Hannah recoiled instinctively. â€Å"Don't touch me!† she gasped, and at the same moment her legs gave out. She slid to the floor of the porch and stared at the boy whose face was now approximately level with hers. â€Å"I'm sorry,† he almost whispered. â€Å"I know what you're going through. You're just realizing now, aren't you?† Hannah said, whispering to herself, â€Å"It's all true.† â€Å"Yes.† The dark eyes were so sad. â€Å"It's†¦ I've had past lives.† â€Å"Yes.† He squatted on the ground, looking down as if he couldn't keep staring at her face anymore. He picked up a pebble, examined it. Hannah noticed that his fingers were long and sensitive-looking. â€Å"You're an Old Soul,† he said quietly. â€Å"You've had lots of lives.† â€Å"I was Hana of the Three Rivers.† His fingers stopped rolling the pebble. â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"And you're Thierry. And you're a †¦Ã¢â‚¬  He didn't look up. â€Å"Go on. Say it.† Hannah couldn't. Her voice wouldn't form the word. The stranger-Thierry-said it for her. â€Å"Vampires are real.† A glance from those unfathomable eyes. â€Å"I'm sorry.† Hannah breathed and looked down at him. But the world had finished its reshaping. Her mind was beginning to work again. At least I know I'm not crazy, she thought. That's some consolation. It's the universe that's insane, not me. And now I have to deal with it-somehow. She said quietly, â€Å"Are you going to kill me now?† â€Å"God-no!† He stood up fast, uncoiling. Shock was naked on his face. â€Å"You don't understand. I would never hurt you. I †¦Ã¢â‚¬  He broke off. â€Å"It's hard to know where to begin.† Hannah sat silently, while he looked around the porch for inspiration. She could feel her heart beating in her throat. She'd told Paul that this boy had killed her, kept killing her. But his look of shock had been so genuine-as if she'd hurt him terribly by even suggesting it. â€Å"I suppose I should start by explaining exactly what I am,† he said. â€Å"And what I've done. I made you come outside tonight. I influenced you. I didn't want to do it, but I had to talk to you.† â€Å"Influenced me?† It's a mental thing. I can also just communicate this way. It was his voice, but his lips weren't moving. And it was the same voice she'd heard at the end of her hypnotic session, the voice that wasn't Paul's. The one that had spoken in her head, saying, Hannah, come back. You don't have to relive this. â€Å"You were the one who woke me up,† Hannah whispered. â€Å"I wouldn't have come back except for you.† â€Å"I couldn't stand to see you hurting like that.† Can somebody with his eyes be evil? He was obviously a different sort of creature than she was, and every move he made showed the grace of a predator. It reminded her of how the wolves had moved-they had rippled. He did, too, his muscles moving so lightly under his skin. He was unnatural- but beautiful. Something struck her. â€Å"The wolves. I picked up a silver picture frame to bash them with. Silver.† She looked at him. â€Å"Werewolves are real.† At the last moment her voice made it a statement instead of a question. â€Å"So much is real that you don't know about. Or that you haven't remembered yet. You were starting to remember with that shrink. You said I was a Lord of the Night World.† The Night World. Just the mention of it sent prickles through Hannah. She could almost remember, but not quite. And she knew it was crazy to be kneeling here having this conversation. She was talking to a vampire. A guy who drank blood for a living. A guy whose every gesture showed he was a hunter. And not only a vampire, but the person her subconscious had been warning her about for weeks. Telling her to be afraid, be very afraid. So why wasn't she running? For one thing, she didn't think her legs would physically support her. And for another-well, somehow she couldn't stop looking at him. â€Å"One of the werewolves was mine,† he was saying quietly. â€Å"She was here to find you-and protect you. But the other one†¦ Hannah, you have to understand. I'm not the only one looking for you.† To protect me. So I was right, Hannah thought. The gray female was on my side. She said, â€Å"Who else is looking?† â€Å"Another Night Person.† He looked away. â€Å"Another vampire.† â€Å"Am I a Night Person?† â€Å"No. You're a human.† He said it the way he said everything, as if reminding her of terrible facts he wished he didn't have to bring up. â€Å"Old Souls are just humans who keep coming back.† â€Å"How many times have I come back?† â€Å"I †¦ I'd have to think about it. Quite a few.† â€Å"And have you been with me in all of them?† â€Å"Any of them I could manage.† â€Å"What do the rest of the notes mean?† Hannah had been gathering speed, and now she was shooting questions at him in machine-gun fashion. She thought she was in control, and she hardly noticed the hysterical edge to her own voice. â€Å"Why am I telling myself I'll be dead before I'm seventeen?† â€Å"Hannah†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He reached out a hand to calm her. Hannah's own hand moved by reflex, coming up to ward his off. And then their fingers touched, bare skin to bare skin, and the world disappeared.

Culture Convergence

Introduction In recent times, the globalization topic is one of the most discussed issue across the world. With globalization, countries has started to build stronger economic ties and be increasingly reliant on each other as it has never be. Some researchers argue of cultural convergence; that is, as two countries become closer with each other, they will be more likely to influence each other's culture, thereby bringing the two different cultures to be more similar.For example, the popular culture, which originates from Western European and America, is often to be said to influence the developing Asian countries' culture, and is often dubbed as Westernization (Leung et al, 2008). Conversely, there are many that argue also of cultural divergence; which is the belief that each nation's culture are deeply rooted in the countries' history, so that even if outside culture try to influence the belief and attitude of the people, the difference between cultures can still be maintained, and can even increase over time (Axelrod, 1997; Turnbull & Sheehan, 2012).Hofstede (1980) defined four dimensions of culture that describes the fundamental similarities and differences of human behavior and decision making process that forms part of culture. These dimensions will be valuable for measuring cultural convergence or divergence. They consist of masculinity/femininity, power distance, individualism/collectivism and uncertainty avoidance. Power distance is the dimension of which inequality of power is expected and accepted as normal by the less powerful members of organization and society.Masculinity/ Femininity is the measure of which society is oriented towards ‘masculine' value : competitiveness, assertion, success , good performance, etc. instead of ‘feminine' value: kindness, caring, empathy, etc. Individualism/Collectivism measures to what extent society lets each individual care for their own: more individualism means that the ties between individuals in the society is more loose. Uncertainty Avoidance is the measure as to how much the members of the society avoid risky behaviors and stay the conservative way.This essay will try to discuss whether countries has experienced cultural convergence or divergence, by first looking to the cultural divergence phenomenon, and then the cultural convergence phenomenon, and finally comparing both and giving recommendation as to how the risks of the phenomenon observed can be mitigated. Discussion Cultural Divergence Axelrod (1997) argued in his model that local convergence may cause global polarization. He contends that the convergence in society will stay in local area only, as the culture converge in a region that have nothing in common with neighboring regions.This causes local regions to have culture convergence, but in the bigger area, the difference between cultures remain stable, thus increasing polarization or cultural divergence. Axelrod (1997) also argues that polarization level gets hig her if there are a few dimensions of the culture, many alternative traits on each dimensions, and if the size of the region is large enough to allow for many cultures, but small enough for the change process to finish before all cultural boundaries are dissolved by the spread of cultural traits. Further, Klemm et al. (2003) argued that the level of perturbation to a culture influences how the culture drifts.They argued that perturbation, up to a level, will bring a culture to converge together, but when the perturbation or influence is high enough, the culture will split into several sub-culture, meaning the culture has been polarized or diverged. This phenomenon can be attributed to several reasons, such as preference for more extreme views, geographical isolation, social differentiation (tendency for groups to differentiate themselves compared to other groups), drift, the in and out of fads and fashions, specialization and changing environment or technology (Axelrod, 1997).There a re some examples of this phenomenon in the real life. For one, Turnbull & Sheehan(2012) argued that due to historical and cultural differences, the chain fast food company McDonald have to alter their strategy and brand imaging in Canada and Japan. This happens even though they are a company that is trying to build a similar image in every country they are established in. Furthermore, they also found that some of Australia's public relations policy clearly rejects that their culture has been assimilated to the US culture.Another example is given by Darling-Wolf (2004) interview with Japanese women about foreigners, in which he found that Japanese women are still viewing Western women as shallow, vain and selfish. Martin (2010) also found that Japanese people found foreign actors and actresses to be more likeable if they exhibit some Japanese characteristics. This indicates that Japanese women still hold their cultural values highly, and not influenced by the Westernization that may happen as a result of the strong ties between Japan and America. Finally, Anderson et al. 2000) found that there are significant differences between Indian and American aerospace scientists and engineers, especially in the power distance, individualism and uncertainty avoidance dimension, indicating cultures still at the very least maintain their differences, if not diverging from each other. Cultural Convergence The theory behind cultural convergence notion is that a nation's culture is viewed as a subsystem of a global culture, and that culture is an open system that can exchange input and outputs with other cultures.Given this, to avoid entropy a system needs to reach an equilibrium, which is the state where all cultures are assimilated, and hence forming a culture convergence. This theory proposes that if two cultures interact frequently, they will most likely be converged together(Bergiel, 2011). One example that comes to mind when discussing convergence is Westernization, whic h is the phenomena where non-Western (typically Asian) culture are often changed and influenced with Western cultures through the exposure by media such as TV and Internet, as well as from various other interaction between the two cultures.The ever increasing global marketing, as well as the increasing number of businesses that expands their business to foreign countries, only serve as a vehicle for cultural assimilation to happen, as the two cultures will mesh together and form a stable equilibrium according to this notion. This notion of cultural convergence also gain some support from researchers.As an example, Bergiel (2011) found in his study about Japanese and US culture that in regards of individualism, masculinity and power distance the trend of convergence has been found to be very extreme, as the role of the two country reverses in between the two decades since Hofstede released his study in 1980. In 1980, the US society were said to be holding up the value of individualis m, have low power distance and masculinity, while in this study it was found that now Japan culture has now moved from collectivism to individualism, surpassing the US score in the dimension, have lower power distance compared to the US, and is more masculine.However, this may be also influenced by the politic-economic factors in the two country, and not solely by the fact that the two culture interacted with each other. Also, in the long-term orientation it has been found that the two cultures converge, sporting similar score in that dimension. Further, Nieves et al. (2006) also found from their study that Mexican and American engineers has converged their culture in the individualism dimension, compared to when Hofstede did his research in 1980.Convergence Vs. Divergence Hence, while cultural convergence theory contends that over time and different cultures that interacts with each other will form a stable equilibrium eventually, the cultural divergence theory contends that cultur es will maintain its own unique identity, as culture needs big enough perturbation to have a lasting change, and they typically maintain their difference despite the influence from foreign cultures/countries.Some researchers argue that globalization will make cultures to converge, as globalization means that information is very easily accessible, and cultures are exposed to other cultures constantly, so that in cultural convergence theory this will cause those cultures to form an equilibrium, and that the world is converging into a ‘global village'. (Inglehart & Welzel, 2005). However, some researchers also argue that globalization may not necessarily cause convergence. Inglehart & Norris (2009) argued that the globalization may even cause polarization of the cultures.They argued that the values that the rich country's public hold usually changes rapidly, while poorer countries generally are slower in adapting change in culture. This opens up a gap in culture difference betwee n rich societies and poor societies. Further, they also found that richer countries also differ in culture in religiosity to poor societies. Richer countries are becoming more and more secular in these days, while poorer countries are typically more traditional and religious.Similarly, richer countries are also moving towards gender equality, while many poorer societies still hold patriarchal values highly (Inglehart ; Norris, 2009). Further, this can also apply not to nation's cultures, but also its subcultures. Typically, the richer societies in the urban area adopt new values more rapidly, and rural society sticks with their traditional culture and adopt changes slowly. Finally, convergence theory is argued to be exaggerating the level of consensus of core value between US and other countries, thereby reducing the actual level of assimilation barrier that exists in the real world.Hence, it is most likely that cultural divergence and polarization is what actually happens in the wo rld. Organizations should take note of this divergence phenomenon in order to successfully conduct a global or multinational operation. Some researchers argue that the national cultural difference may bring problems in an organization in the integration process and consequently knowledge transfer (Vaara, 2003). The reason this happens is cultural difference is often thought to impede cooperation between the members.Further, Hogg & Terry (2000) argued that similarity are often a factor in deciding attractiveness and trustworthiness, and having different culture makes an individual automatically less attractive and trustworthy compared to someone from the same culture. However, Sarala & Vaara (2009) argued that with different culture, organization may benefit from having different knowledge and repertoire that could be shared around. Hence, with cultural difference, knowledge transfer can potentially be more effective as there are more knowledge to go around.Although the knowledge pot ential is great, what is more important is to actually manage to spread it around the organization and make sure that individuals from different cultures are comfortable with each other. Sarala & Vaara (2009) argued that the way for organization to do this is through facilitated communication, in order to reduce uncertainty and increase trust between the members of the organization. Also equally important is that the organization management practice must be aligned with the nation's culture that they are in, in order to operate smoothly in the face of cultural difference (Nieves et al, 2006).Hence, to be successful, an organization must proactively try to make the members of the organization increase their trust with each other, as well as changing their managing practices, depending on the culture that they are currently residing in. Conclusion In conclusion, cultural convergence is the theory that different cultures that interact in a regular basis will influence each other and fo rm a stable equilibrium, thus converging the two cultures, while cultural divergence is the theory that states that cultural differences will be maintained, and even grow apart from each other even though they interact in a regular basis.The basis of cultural convergence theory is that the member of society will try to imitate and assimilate the new foreign culture, while the cultural divergence theory contends that group tends to stay within themselves and differentiate themselves from other groups. In real life, it seems likely that the cultural divergence theory is correct, as even if a culture is experiencing change from foreign culture, the rate of change in the different part of society may be different, thus creating a gap as well.For example, richer societies tend to adopt new values quickly, while poorer societies might hold to their traditional value, hence creating a cultural divergence overall. To overcome this issue, organization needs to actively try to facilitate comm unication between the members of their organization if they have different cultures, as well as altering their management practice to fit the culture of the society that they are currently residing in. Reference Anderson, C. J. , Glassman, M. , ; Pinelli, T. (2000).A Comparison of Communications Practices Among Indian and US Scientists and Engineers. Journal of East-West Business,  6(1), 81-108. Axelrod, R. (1997). The Dissemination of Culture A Model with Local Convergence and Global Polarization. Journal of conflict resolution,  41(2), 203-226. Bergiel, E. B. , Bergiel, B. J. , ; Upson, J. W. (2012). Revisiting Hofstede’s Dimensions: Examining the Cultural Convergence of the United States and Japan. American Journal of Management,  12(1), 69-79. Bredillet, C. , Yatim, F. , ; Ruiz, P. (2010).Project management deployment: The role of cultural factors. International Journal of Project Management,  28(2), 183-193. Darling-Wolf, F. (2004). Women and new men: Negotiating masculinity in the Japanese media. The Communication Review,  7(3), 285-303. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values  (Vol. 5). Sage Publications, Incorporated. Hogg, M. A. , & Terry, D. J. (2000). Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. Academy of management review, 121-140. Inglehart, R. & Welzel, C. (2005). Modernization, cultural change, and democracy: The human development sequence. Cambridge University Press. Klemm, K. , Eguiluz, V. M. , Toral, R. & San Miguel, M. 2003. Global culture: A noise induced transition in finite systems. Physical Review E 67, 045101(R). Leung, K. , Bhagat, R. S. , Buchan, N. R. , Erez, M. , & Gibson, C. B. (2005). Culture and international business: recent advances and their implications for future research. Journal of International Business Studies,  36(4), 357-378. Martin, D. (2012).Foreign women in Japanese television advertising: Content analyses of a cultural convergence paradigm. European Journal of Marketing,46(1/2), 157-176. Nieves, R. , Mujtaba, B. G. , Pellet, P. F. , & Cavico, F. (2011). Culture And Universal Professional Values In Global Organizations: Is There A Divergence Or Convergence Of Cultural Values?. Journal of Diversity Management (JDM),1(1), 31-38. Norris, P. , & Inglehart, R. (2009). Is national diversity under threat? Cosmopolitan communications and cultural convergence. Cosmopolitan Communications and Cultural Convergence Sarala, R.M. , & Vaara, E. (2009). Cultural differences, convergence, and crossvergence as explanations of knowledge transfer in international acquisitions. Journal of International Business Studies,  41(8), 1365-1390. Turnbull, N. , & Sheehan, M. (2012, November). The impact of divergent historical and cultural factors on convergence in global communication practice. In  WORLD PUBLIC RELATIONS FORUM 2012  (p. 128). Vaara, E. (2003). Post? acquisition Integration as Sensemaking: Gl impses of Ambiguity, Confusion, Hypocrisy, and Politicization. Journal of Management Studies,  40(4), 859-894.

Business Model Case Study

Business Model Case Study Pricing The Pricing component is a marketing strategy that organizations put to their advantage in a competitive business environment (Afuah 200). The case study identifies a market invested with rivals such as Vodafone and new entrants offering the same mobile products and services. DoCoMo had identified the pricing component and inherently priced its products tailored at capturing a large market share resulting in the business organization gaining a strategic position in the market. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Model Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This strategic component is uniquely identified in the pricing mechanisms adapted by the organization in the Japanese market. With attractive monthly access charges of 300 yen (US $ 2.48) in addition to the varying access fees ranging from 0.3 yen for a data packet of 128 bytes to 60 yen for funds transfer, loyalty to the company’s product s had been created. Strategically tailored fee ranging from 100 yen (US $ 0.83) to 300 yen (US $2.48) was evident form the above case study (Porter 346). This unique pricing mechanism brought the company to a strategic level ahead of its competitors. New entrants found slim chances of survival in the competitive environment. With tailor made prices blended with competitive knowledge on target market needs, the business executives saw the company rake in profits. This helped it sustain marketing activities leading to higher revenue generations, a larger market share, and improved market strength. That characterized KPN mobile and its subsidiary companies. Product differentiation and unique pricing mechanisms integrated in the Japanese market saw increased usage and bigger profit margins. The marketing strategy had worked well for DoCoMo. A strategic market position characterized KPN, NTT DoCoMo, in addition to other subsidiaries. Pricing, value addition and product differentiation w ere unique marketing elements which strategically placed the mobile company in a leadership position in the market. Customer Value Customers determine a business organization’s market share, profitability, product and service image, acceptability, and customer buying behavio.This is applicable in a market strewn with competitors who know well what they want. The competitors wage business wars to gain higher profits, a bigger market share and leadership position. DoCoMo and its subsidiary companies had conducted research in the target market quite well. This unique undertaking can be clearly illustrated in the way DoCoMo had designed mobile sets with different features. The prices offered were very attractive and were tailored for different markets (Porter 6). These in addition to other devised mechanisms propelled the company to success. Features integrated in the mobile phones included larger screens for the i-mode with target markets including Germany and the Netherlands. Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, good quality display characteristics, improved service capabilities were features found in the i-mode technology. Other mobile set incorporated features such the capacity to send and receive 1000 emails with a 160 character capacity. This is clearly illustrated in the case study According to the case study on (Porter 350) with entertainment features particularly for the Japanese market incorporated. Product Differentiation The need to differentiate KPN’s products and services to suit identified target market steered the company to success. This was illustrated in the company’s ability to tailor products as competitive substitutes. In addition they could substitute services offered by other companies such as Vodafone. The company’s 3G mobiles were competitively ahead of FOMA’s 2GHT bandwidth c apacity offered by competitors (Porter 350). According to the article on Porte (350), the company placed emphasis on its strengths identifying its market position with strength and profitability. The supply chain was identified with capable and reliable marketers and suppliers. Subsidiaries companies were important components. They were integrated, making the company see succees in a wider market share for its differentiated products. Substitutes such as different versions of web browsers for mobile phones, hybrid technologies such as WAP and e-HTML, and a range of others were also integrated. Afuah, A. Business Models: A strategic Management Approach. University of Michigan  ® McGraw-Hill Irwin Boston Burr Ridge, 2003. Porter, Michael. E. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. 1st ed. Free Press, 1998.

Biography of Alexander the Great

Biography of Alexander the Great What would you do if you could rule the world? This seems like a preposterous question to most, but to one man it started to become a reality. It all started with the dreams of one King, Alexander the Great. Alexander was born in 356 BC in Macedonia, the area around present day Thessaloniki in northern Greece. Though the Macedonians might have considered themselves part of the Greek cultural world, the other Greeks viewed them as a half-barbaric mountain tribe. Alexander was the King of Macedonia in 336 BC, the Pharaoh of Egypt starting 332 BC, the King of Persia in 330 BC, and the King of Asia from 331 BC until the time of his unfortunate death in 323 BC. He was first crowned King of Macedonia at the young age of 19. Barely an adult, Alexander managed to transform his small Macedonian country into his own domain consisting of the three largest and most feared Empires in just 13 years. Right after his father’s death, Alexander had started his plans to conquer and unite all of the Ancient Greek city-states, along with the empires of Persia, Asia, and India. Although he was not successful in all of his plans, he managed to conquer and unite all of Ancient Greece, and conquer Persia and Asia, as well as some of India. Therefore, Alexander managed to transform the lesser known small mountain village of Macedonia into the largest and most powerful empire in all of Ancient Europe. The biographical novel Alexander The Great by Philip Freeman singlehandedly details all of the battles and important occurrences in Alexander’s life from his childhood until his death, as well as the legacy of the Empire he left behind which lasted several hundred years after his death. With the help of nobody but a select few of his father’s old generals, mainly his father’s right hand man Parmenion; Alexander was able to revolutionize the way of ancient warfare and destroy any Empire that stood in his way. As an absolute genius at psychological and unconvention al warfare, along with some high risk and high reward decisions, Alexander overcame some of the greatest obstacles in his way without breaking a sweat. I have always found Alexander has always been an extremely interesting and inspiring man to learn about in History, so I decided to learn more about his life and how he was able to conquer the Persian Empire, an Empire with the army size of almost twice that Alexander had in his control. In the following speech, I will tell the story of Alexander the Great and his adventures, many victories and very few defeats, during his conquest of the entire region of Greece, Persia, and Asia. Alexanders father King Philip was an impressive ruler who had started the systematic policy of expanding the control of Macedonia. Philips main conquest was that of the Greek mainland, after his victory at Chaeronea [Karineea] in 338 BC. The call to adventure was first introduced to Alexander while he was still in his teens, his father wanted to give him to commanded the Macedonian cavalry during this battle to prove Alexander’s worth as an heir to the throne. The Battle of Chaeronea took place in 338 BCE on an early August morning outside the town of Chaeronea[Karineea] in Boeotia [Beeotia], Greece. Although for centuries the cities of Athens and Sparta dominated Greece, politically, militarily and economically, the Battle of Chaeronea, one of the most renowned of all Greek battles, only involved one of these cities: Athens. However, Athens was not alone. They combined forces with Thebes including the sacred band of thebes, an elite group consisting of 150 pairs of male soldi ers who were the most fearsome warriors of Ancient Greece. The soldiers were all male lovers which, although peculiar, was effective because they wanted to impress and defend each other with their lives because they didn’t want to see their lover perish in battle. Both armies came together with the idea that they would destroy the conceited army of Macedonians and send them back to their homelands in the mountains. However, we quickly learn that this was not the case. Philip reorganized the old, traditional strategy of phalanx (which was a tightly moving group of soldiers) and replaced the outdated hoplite spear with the sarissa, an 18 to 20 foot pike, adding a smaller double-edged sword. Finally, he redesigned the antiquated shield and helmet, making them much more sturdy and viable. The Macedonians under Philip II’s rule would soon prove their worthiness and skill in this battle by slaughtering the enemy army including the sacred band of thebes. The Macedonians lost under 100 soldiers while the enemy forces casualties included 2,000 dead and 4,000 captured. Alexander decided to burn down and completely destroy the city as an example to other Greek states to show them what would happen if they rebelled. The Macedonian victory at Chaeronea would put Greece into a deep slope, both politically and militarily. It would never again regain its supremacy in the Mediterranean. Macedonia had established troops in Corinth and all of Ancient Greece recognized him as their leader and couldn’t afford to revolt. Philip was determined to transform his weaker citizen-based army into a worthy army of highly trained professional soldiers. Having well succeeded at this, it didn’t take long for him to reveal to the rest of Greece the might of the Macedonian army, attacking and defeating the Thracians to the north, proving to the people of Athens that Philip was a viable threat. Alexander’s first trials came around the same time of his father’s death. Philip II served as king from 359 BC until he was assassinated in 336 BC. Alexander was the runner up as King since he was Philip’s own child. However, seizing the throne after an untimely death of a beloved King can be chaotic so Alexander was not unopposed. He slayed his potential threats for the throne and secured his position as king of Macedon at just the age of 19. After securing the throne, he began to put his plans of conquering Ancient Europe into action. After gathering an impressive amount of troops consisting of highly determined and war-hardened Macedonians, Greek mercenaries, thracian troops and the whole Athens fleet, Alexander began his war against the Persians in 334 BC. At the time the Macedonian leader was twenty-two years old.Darius was prepared for battle having selected this spot to meet his enemy.After his defeat at Issus two years previously, Darius made sure that th is battleground favored his army and its tactics; mainly being war chariots. The ground here was flat which was perfect for chariots. Darius made it even flatter by ordering the terrain plowed and leveled. All was ready and on October 1, 331 BC the Persian army of possibly 200,000 faced off against Alexanders 35,000. The Macedonian leader immediately sized up the Persians tactical advantage and countered by ordering his cavalry to shift to the right along with Alexander himself hoping to move his enemy away from their flat field. The Persians marched parallel along with him, far outflanking him upon their left. Then the Persian cavalry rode along the line and came into contact with the front men of Alexanders army; nevertheless he still continued to defensively march towards the right, and almost entirely got beyond the ground that had been cleared and leveled by the Persians. Then Darius, fearing that his chariots would become useless if the Macedonians advanced upon the uneven gro und, ordered the front ranks of his left wing to ride round the right wing of the Macedonians, where Alexander was commanding, to prevent him from marching his wing any further. As soon as Darius set his whole battle line in motion, Alexander ordered Aretes, his general controlling the left ground units and javelineers to attack those who were riding clear around his right wing; and up to that time Alexander himself was leading his men in column. But when the Persians made a break in the front line of their army by having their cavalry charge to aid those executing the flanking movement, Alexander wheeled towards the gap, forming a wedge between the cavalry and part of the phalanx. He led them with a loud battle cry that every unit in his army followed in with that was so loud it frightened the Persians and caused the frontline to start a retreat. Darius quickly saw what was happening and commanded them to stay and fight. Alexander rode straight towards Darius, looking for the glory that would come if he killed the Great King of Persia himself. Then came a short hand-to-hand melee; but as Alexander and his troops pressed on vigorously, thrusting themselves against the Persians and striking through forces with their great sarissas, Darius, whose courage already had been shaken had turned and fled. Likewise the Persians who were trying to outflank, panic-stricken at the vigorous attack of Aretes, took to flight; a the Macedonians chased after and slaughtered those who they caught. Alexander’s victory at the battle of Gaugamela on the Persian plains was a decisive conquest that insured the defeat of the Persian King Darius III. Alexander then moved to the city of Sardis, the capital of Ancient Lydia. This was an important city due firstly to the amount of Persian troops stationed there, secondly to its control on an import ant road leading from the inside of Sardis outward to the Aegean[Ajian] coast, and thirdly to it’s access to the wide and fertile plains of the Hermus where important direct food to the city could be grown and developed year round. He then moved on to Phoenicia, an ancient civilization composed of independent city-states which lay along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. First starting with Baalbek. Baalbek was a religiously devoted city that was not loyal to the Persians who currently ruled them with constant religious interference. Because of this, they surrendered to Alexander and his army without a fight. Next came his destruction of the Phoenician city Sidon. Alexander attempted a peace offering to allow Sidon to surrender without a fight. They distastefully refused, calling Alexander a tyrant. Alexander was so insulted by being called a Tyrant that he ordered his engineers to besiege the high city walls and invaded the city with no mercy. Killing over 2000 soldiers and 1000 civilians, Alexander captured and sold the rest off into slavery, hoping to make an example of them. This seemed to work because after the fall of Sidon, the important and very wealthy trading city of Aleppo sent delegates to Alexander offering a golden crown as a symbol of their surrender. Following the fall of Aleppo came the long besiege of the very well protected Tyre. After Tyre fell to Alexander’s control quite easily once the walls came down, Alexander conquers Syria, who more than willingly surrendered without hesitation. Alexander then finished the conquest of Levant, the name given to the widely to the eastern Mediterranean coastal lands of Asia Minor and Phoenicia. Alexander then moved on to the mysterious lands of Egypt and was welcomed as a liberator and conquered Egypt without a fight.Alexander and all of his empire now called him the Pharaoh of Egypt, King of Asia, as well as King of Persia and King of Macedonia. In conclusion, Alexander was a man destined for greatness from the time of his birth. Turning a small Macedonian state into one of the largest Empires to exist in the Ancient world, his influence on the modern world comes in many different forms. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of historys most successful military commanders. The traits that contribute to him being one of the most successful military commanders of all time are not only limited to his high intelligence in battle however. As Niccolà ² Machiavelli, an italian philosopher influenced directly by Alexanders’ own tutor Aristotle himself, once famously quoted â€Å"The lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. One must therefore be a fox to recognize traps, and a lion to frighten wolves.† He expressed behaviors of the lion when he revoked his merciful nature, and acted as a fox in his attentive yet generous manner when attempting to win his battles in a peaceful way. He was a merciful and generous leader, believing in fairness and equality no matter what religion or race you were. However, when his authority was challenged, he revoked his mercy to secure his position as a leader of the Ancient Greek Empire. He was never unjust in his punishments, and always gave his enemies a chance at peace. Alexander’s behaviorisms as a leader were very logical, reasonable, and most importantly merciful. These qualities are what I believe every human should aspire to have and for this reason he is my personal hero. â€Å"A horse must be a bit mad to be a good cavalry mount, and its rider must be completely so.† â€Å"A cavalrymans horse should be smarter than he is. But the horse must never be allowed to know this.† â€Å"This man has conquered the world! What have you done? The philosopher replied without an instants hesitation, I have conquered the need to conquer the world.† â€Å"Always attack. Even in defense, attack. The attacking arm possesses the initiative and thus commands the action. To attack makes men brave; to defend makes them timorous.† â€Å"Fame Imperishable and glory that will never die that is what we march for!† â€Å"When deliberating, think in campaigns and not battles; in wars and not campaigns; in ultimate conquest and not wars.† â€Å"There is nothing impossible to him who will try.† â€Å"A tomb now suffices him for whom the world was not enough.

APPIAN WAY Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

APPIAN WAY - Research Paper Example The remaining sections were constructed in the course of next few centuries, with the road spanning about 563kms and thereby connecting Rome to Brindisi in southeast Italy. When the road construction process was started, it was mainly leveling the dirt road. After leveling, large stones as well as mortar were laid, which is followed by the laying of gravel. When the basic structure of the road was formed, it was topped with small stones which fitted into the gaps, thereby forming a flat surface. The small stones fitted into the gaps so aptly that historians marveled at how the small stones seem to have â€Å"grown† along with the other components. For instance, historian Procopius said that small stores â€Å"did not look so much fitted together but as grown together†, so much so they led to the formation of a road surface which was smooth, and far better than the jagged irregular roads before. (Kaster, 2012, p. 23). On the whole, the initial construction process of using large stones as the base, and then fitting in with softer gravel as well as small stones gave a proper and also functional look to the road. â€Å"Large stones made up the bulk of its construction and softer gravel that was compacted between the rocks cemented it.† (Appian Way, Rome,† n. d). Then, when the construction began on the stretch between Rome and Lake Albano, the Romans started using lime cement to build better quality roads. Sourced from volcanic rocks, this lime cement was laid over the small stones thereby providing a far smoother road surface. In addition, the Romans crowned the middle portion of the road for the purpose of water runoff, and also built ditches on either side of the road which were protected by retaining walls. It was while extending the road through the Pontine Marshes; the Romans faced number of challenges. Their plan to dry the marshes, build bridges over it and so on did not gave expected results, forcing the Romans to build